Wine remained a vast but contracting global industry in 2024. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV), in its State of the World Vine and Wine Sector in 2024, recorded 7.1 million hectares of vineyard surface, 225.8 million hectolitres of wine production, and 214.2 million hectolitres of consumption worldwide. Each of those headline figures came with a year-over-year decline, while trade continued to move nearly 100 million hectolitres across borders.
Contents
- Vineyard area
- Wine production
- Wine consumption
- Global wine trade
- Leading wine exporters
- Major wine importers
Vineyard area
The world’s vineyard area totaled 7.1 million hectares in 2024, down 0.6% from 2023. The OIV reported that global vineyard area had fallen for four consecutive years. This is a measure of planted vineyard surface, not a direct measure of the wine made in the same year.
Europe continued to account for a substantial share of the world’s vines. The European Union had 3.2 million hectares of vineyard area in 2024, a 0.8% decline from the previous year. Spain remained the country with the largest vineyard area at 930 thousand hectares, although its surface fell 1.5%, equivalent to a loss of 14.5 thousand hectares.
France had 783 thousand hectares of vineyards in 2024. Italy’s vineyard landscape expanded during the year, reaching 722 thousand hectares. The contrast between Italy’s increase and the declines recorded for the global total, the EU, and Spain shows that vineyard trends were not uniform across major producing countries.
Wine production
Global wine production reached 225.8 million hectolitres in 2024, a 4.8% year-over-year decline. According to the OIV, this was the lowest global production level in more than 60 years. The European Union produced 138.3 million hectolitres of vinified wine, down 3.5% and the lowest EU production recorded since the start of the century.
The largest national producers showed very different annual movements:
| Producer | 2024 production | Change from previous year |
|---|---|---|
| Italy | 44.1 million hl | +15.1% |
| France | 36.1 million hl | −23.5% |
| Spain | 31.0 million hl | +9.3% |
| United States | 21.1 million hl | −17.2% |
| Argentina | 10.9 million hl | +23.3% |
| Australia | 10.2 million hl | +5.3% |
| Chile | 9.3 million hl | −15.6% |
| South Africa | 8.8 million hl | −5.1% |
Italy was the world’s largest producer among the figures reported, with 44.1 million hectolitres and a 15.1% increase. France produced 36.1 million hectolitres, but its output fell 23.5%. Spain produced 31.0 million hectolitres after a 9.3% increase. These figures describe production in 2024 and do not establish a longer-term trend for any individual country.
U.S. production was 21.1 million hectolitres, 17.2% below 2023 and 15.5% below its five-year average. China produced 2.6 million hectolitres, down 17.0%. In the Southern Hemisphere, production totaled 45.8 million hectolitres, down 3.6% and 13.8% below its five-year average.
Southern Hemisphere country results were also mixed. Argentina produced 10.9 million hectolitres, up 23.3%, while Chile produced 9.3 million hectolitres, down 15.6%. South Africa’s 8.8 million hectolitres represented a 5.1% decline. Australia produced 10.2 million hectolitres, up 5.3%, while New Zealand produced 2.8 million hectolitres, down 21.2%.
Wine consumption
The OIV recorded global wine consumption of 214.2 million hectolitres in 2024, down 3.3%. The report described 2024 consumption as the lowest since 1961 if confirmed, so that historical comparison should be read with the qualification attached to the OIV figure.
The European Union consumed 103.6 million hectolitres, representing 48% of global wine consumption. Within the EU, France consumed 23.0 million hectolitres, Italy 22.3 million, Germany 17.8 million, Spain 9.9 million, and Portugal 5.6 million.
The United States consumed 33.3 million hectolitres in 2024, making it the largest individual market among the reported country figures. China consumed 5.5 million hectolitres. The difference between national consumption and national production also helps explain why wine moves through international trade: consumption is distributed across markets that do not necessarily produce the same volume locally.
The production and consumption totals should not be treated as a simple annual surplus calculation. They are separate OIV measures, and wine can be stored, traded across years, or represented in different points of the supply chain. The useful comparison is their scale: 225.8 million hectolitres produced globally versus 214.2 million hectolitres consumed globally in 2024.
Global wine trade
Global wine exports totaled 99.8 million hectolitres in 2024, with an export value of 35.9 billion EUR. The average global wine export price was 3.60 EUR per litre. These are export-market measures, so the average price is not a retail price and does not describe what a consumer pays in a shop or restaurant.
Packaging and product style made a large difference to the value attached to each litre. Bottled wine represented 50.8% of global export volume and 67.0% of export value. Sparkling wine represented 10.9% of export volume but 23.8% of export value. Bag-in-box wine accounted for 3.6% of volume and 1.9% of value, while bulk wine accounted for 34.7% of volume and 7.4% of value.
| Wine format or style | Share of export volume | Share of export value | Average export price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bottled wine | 50.8% | 67.0% | 4.7 EUR/litre |
| Sparkling wine | 10.9% | 23.8% | 7.9 EUR/litre |
| Bag-in-box wine | 3.6% | 1.9% | 1.9 EUR/litre |
| Bulk wine | 34.7% | 7.4% | 0.8 EUR/litre |
The OIV reported average export prices of 4.7 EUR per litre for bottled wine, 7.9 EUR for sparkling wine, 1.9 EUR for bag-in-box wine, and 0.8 EUR for bulk wine. The volume and value shares show why a format’s physical share of trade does not directly indicate its share of commercial value. Sparkling wine, for example, represented a smaller volume share than bottled wine but a much larger value share relative to its volume.
Leading wine exporters
Italy exported 21.7 million hectolitres of wine in 2024, with an export value of 8.1 billion EUR. Spain exported 20.0 million hectolitres valued at 3.0 billion EUR. France exported 12.8 million hectolitres, but its export value was 11.7 billion EUR.
The remaining leading exporter figures were as follows:
- Chile exported 7.8 million hectolitres, valued at 1.5 billion EUR.
- Australia exported 6.5 million hectolitres, valued at 1.6 billion EUR.
- South Africa exported 3.6 million hectolitres, valued at 0.6 billion EUR.
- Portugal exported 3.5 million hectolitres, valued at 1.0 billion EUR.
- Germany exported 3.1 million hectolitres, valued at 1.0 billion EUR.
- New Zealand exported 2.7 million hectolitres, valued at 1.1 billion EUR.
- The United States exported 2.4 million hectolitres, valued at 1.2 billion EUR.
- Argentina exported 2.1 million hectolitres, valued at 0.6 billion EUR.
Canada exported 2.0 million hectolitres in 2024, almost all of it re-exported bulk wine. That qualification matters when interpreting Canada’s export total: the figure reflects trade flows and does not mean that the same volume was produced from Canadian grapes.
Export volume and export value produce different pictures of market position. Spain’s 20.0 million hectolitres ranked close to Italy’s 21.7 million, while France’s 12.8 million hectolitres generated a higher export value than either country. The OIV figures therefore distinguish scale of shipment from value of shipment.
Major wine importers
Germany imported 12.7 million hectolitres of wine in 2024, with an import value of 2.5 billion EUR. The United Kingdom imported 12.6 million hectolitres valued at 4.6 billion EUR, while the United States imported 12.3 million hectolitres valued at 6.3 billion EUR.
Other reported import markets included France, the Netherlands, and Canada:
- France imported 5.4 million hectolitres, valued at 0.9 billion EUR.
- The Netherlands imported 3.9 million hectolitres, valued at 1.5 billion EUR.
- Canada imported 3.8 million hectolitres, valued at 1.9 billion EUR.
The difference between volume and value is visible on the importing side as well. Germany, the UK, and the U.S. each imported between 12.3 million and 12.7 million hectolitres, yet their reported import values ranged from 2.5 billion EUR to 6.3 billion EUR. Import totals therefore reflect both how much wine a market brings in and the mix of wines it buys.
Taken together, the 2024 figures describe a wine sector with contracting vineyard area, historically low global production, and falling consumption, but with extensive international movement. Nearly 100 million hectolitres were exported, and the commercial value of those flows depended strongly on origin, destination, packaging, and wine style.